Myopic decision-making in lower-class under threats of scarcity

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.0198

Abstract

Abstract:

Although substantial research indicates that individuals from lower social classes tend to prefer immediate, smaller rewards over delayed, larger ones, the psychological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain underexplored. This study integrates heuristic models of intertemporal decision-making, unidimensional dominance models, and threat-based psychological shift models to propose and examine the moderating role of scarcity threats on social class influences in decision-making, alongside the mediating effect of time dominance bias. The findings reveal that: (1) lower-class individuals show a stronger inclination toward short-sighted decision-making than their higher-class counterparts; (2) scarcity threats significantly moderate this tendency—under such conditions, lower-class individuals are more likely to opt for short-term rewards, while no significant difference exists in non-scarcity situations; (3) time dominance bias acts as the psychological mechanism behind short-sighted decisions in lower-class individuals, with a more pronounced bias under scarcity threats. These results suggest that the short-sightedness observed among lower-class individuals is not due to psychological deficiencies but rather an adaptive response to scarcity environments. This study provides a theoretical foundation for reducing the stigmatization of lower social classes and offers scientific rationale for developing strategies aimed at promoting shared prosperity among them.

Key words: social class, intertemporal choice, temporal predominance bias, scarcity threats

HU Xiaoyong, DU Tangyan, JI Yuexin, GONG Wenzhuo, WANG Dixin, GUO Yongyu. (2026). Myopic decision-making in lower-class under threats of scarcity. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(2), 198-220.

Figures/Tables 14

References 105

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variables	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
gender	-	-	1
age	32.88	11.79	-0.14^**	1
subjective social class	4.09	1.87	0.01	-0.11^**	1
income	3.04	1.86	-0.01	-0.26^**	0.50^**	1
scarcity threat	3.64	1.00	0.01	0.19^**	-0.09^**	-0.16^**	1
delayed discounting rate	0.06	0.04	-0.06	0.15^**	-0.22^**	-0.25^**	0.23^**	1

variables	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
gender	-	-	1
age	32.88	11.79	-0.14^**	1
subjective social class	4.09	1.87	0.01	-0.11^**	1
income	3.04	1.86	-0.01	-0.26^**	0.50^**	1
scarcity threat	3.64	1.00	0.01	0.19^**	-0.09^**	-0.16^**	1
delayed discounting rate	0.06	0.04	-0.06	0.15^**	-0.22^**	-0.25^**	0.23^**	1

variable	dependent variable: delayed discounting rate
variable	β	SE	t	95% CI
income	-0.005	0.001	-6.59^***	[-0.01, -0.003]
scarcity threat	0.006	0.001	4.88^***	[0.004, 0.01]
income × scarcity threat	-0.002	0.00	-2.54^*	[-0.003, -0.0004]
age	0.0002	0.0001	1.98^*	[0.0000, 0.0004]
R2	0.33
F	29.18^***

variable	dependent variable: delayed discounting rate
variable	β	SE	t	95% CI
income	-0.005	0.001	-6.59^***	[-0.01, -0.003]
scarcity threat	0.006	0.001	4.88^***	[0.004, 0.01]
income × scarcity threat	-0.002	0.00	-2.54^*	[-0.003, -0.0004]
age	0.0002	0.0001	1.98^*	[0.0000, 0.0004]
R2	0.33
F	29.18^***

variable	dependent variable：delayed discounting rate
variable	β	SE	t	95% CI
subjective social class	-0.004	0.001	-6.53^***	[-0.006, -0.003]
scarcity threat	0.01	0.001	4.97^***	[0.004, 0.009]
subjective social class × scarcity threat	-0.002	0.001	-2.79^**	[-0.003, -0.001]
age	0.0003	0.0001	3.01^**	[0.0001, 0.001]
R2	0.33
F	29.47^***